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الکتریسیته ساکن چیست؟ - You Can الکتریسیته ساکن چیست؟ الکتریسیته ساکن عبارت از یک بار الکتریکی است که در یک محل ساکن می ماند و جاری نمی شود. مطالعه الکتریسیته ساکن را الکترواستاتیک می نامند که یکی از ساده ترین و مفیدترین دستگاه های مربوط به آن، الکتروسکوپ یا برق نمای ورق طلایی است.
الکتریسیته ساکن اولین نوع الکتریسیته بود که کشف شد و می توان آن را بوسیله اصطکاک تولید کرد. وقتی دو ماده روی هم مالیده می شوند، ممکن است الکترون ها از یک ماده به ماده دیگر انتقال یابند. الکترون ها حامل بار الکتریکی منفی هستند و بنابراین یکی از ماده ها بار مثبت و دیگری بار منفی بدست می آورد. این مواد باید نارسانا یا عایق الکتریکی باشند تا بار الکتریکی جریان نیابد و از آنها خارج نشود.
وقتی بلوز نایلونی خود را بیرون می آورید، اصطکاک باعث پدید آمدن الکتریسیته ساکن می شود و بار الکتریکی امکان آن را می یابد که بطور ناگهانی از طریق بدن شما به زمین انتقال یابد و شما یک شوک الکتریکی را احساس می کنید. صدای ترق و تروقی که گاهی اوقات در این هنگام شنیده می شود، بوسیله بارهای الکتریکی ای تولید می شود که درون هوا حرکت می کنند و جرقه ها را به وجود می آورند. الکتریسیته ساکن در اتمسفر ، صاعقه یا برق آسمان را تولید می کند.
یک بادکنک پُر از باد را روی موهای خود و یا بلوزی پشمی بکشید تا از نظر الکتریکی باردار شود. حالا اگر بادکنک را به سمت سقف اتاق یا دیوار بفرستید، بار مخالفی را به سقف القاء خواهد کرد. دو بار غیر الکتریکی همنام، یکدیگر را جذب می کنند و بادکنک به سقف یا دیوار می چسبد. همچنین اگر موهای خشک خود را چندین بار شانه بکشید، الکتریسیته ساکن به وجود می آید. شانه باردار، یک بار مثبت بر تکه های کوچک کاغذ وارد می آورد و آنها را جذب می کند و بالا می کشد. منابع کتاب Kingfisher Science Encyclopedia. تالیف Catherine Headlam . ترجمه محمود سالک. نشر Kingfisher Books. سال 1991.
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